508 research outputs found
Debiasing Evaluations That are Biased by Evaluations
It is common to evaluate a set of items by soliciting people to rate them.
For example, universities ask students to rate the teaching quality of their
instructors, and conference organizers ask authors of submissions to evaluate
the quality of the reviews. However, in these applications, students often give
a higher rating to a course if they receive higher grades in a course, and
authors often give a higher rating to the reviews if their papers are accepted
to the conference. In this work, we call these external factors the "outcome"
experienced by people, and consider the problem of mitigating these
outcome-induced biases in the given ratings when some information about the
outcome is available. We formulate the information about the outcome as a known
partial ordering on the bias. We propose a debiasing method by solving a
regularized optimization problem under this ordering constraint, and also
provide a carefully designed cross-validation method that adaptively chooses
the appropriate amount of regularization. We provide theoretical guarantees on
the performance of our algorithm, as well as experimental evaluations
Fatty acid suppression of glial activation prevents central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Supplemental digital content associated with this article can be found online at http://links.lww.com/PAIN/A853Peer reviewedPostprin
Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Sheds Light on The Mechanism of Palladium Electrodeposition
Electrodeposition
is widely used to fabricate tunable nanostructured
materials in applications ranging from biosensing to energy conversion.
A model based on 3D island growth is widely accepted in the explanation
of the initial stages of nucleation and growth in electrodeposition.
However, there are regions in the electrodeposition parameter space
where this model becomes inapplicable. We use liquid cell transmission
electron microscopy along with post situ scanning electron microscopy
to investigate electrodeposition in this parameter space, focusing
on the effect of the supporting electrolyte, and to shed light on
the nucleation and growth of palladium. Using a collection of electron
microscopy images and current time transients recorded during electrodeposition,
we discover that electrochemical aggregative growth, rather than 3D
island growth, best describes the electrodeposition process. We then
use this model to explain the change in the morphology of palladium
electrodeposits from spherical to open clusters with nonspherical
morphology when HCl is added to the electrolyte solution. The enhanced
understanding of the early stages of palladium nucleation and growth
and the role of electrolyte in this process provides a systematic
route toward the electrochemical fabrication of nanostructured materials
III-V on silicon DFB laser arrays
We will present our work on epitaxially grown III-V on silicon DFB laser arrays, including results of pure InP-based lasers emitting around 900nm and InGaAs-on-InP lasers emitting around 1300nm
Assessing a New Clue to How Much Carbon Plants Take Up
Current climate models disagree on how much carbon dioxide land ecosystems take up for photosynthesis. Tracking the stronger carbonyl sulfide signal could help
Cosmological constraints on the generalized holographic dark energy
We use the Markov ChainMonte Carlo method to investigate global constraints
on the generalized holographic (GH) dark energy with flat and non-flat universe
from the current observed data: the Union2 dataset of type supernovae Ia
(SNIa), high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), the observational Hubble data
(OHD), the cluster X-ray gas mass fraction, the baryon acoustic oscillation
(BAO), and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. The most stringent
constraints on the GH model parameter are obtained. In addition, it is found
that the equation of state for this generalized holographic dark energy can
cross over the phantom boundary wde =-1.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with
arXiv:1105.186
Overview of Strangeness Production at the STAR Experiment
We present an overview of recent STAR results on strangeness production in
p+p and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. In both Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions we
show the centrality dependencies of bulk yield and mid- spectrum
measurements with new comparisons to theory. The latest results for
strange particles are presented and prospects for strangeness production in the
low energy scan program will be outlined. Finally, we report new measurements
of strangeness fragmentation functions for jets in p+p collisions.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, proceedings for SQM 200
Efficient Bayesian inference of fully stochastic epidemiological models with applications to COVID-19.
Epidemiological forecasts are beset by uncertainties about the underlying epidemiological processes, and the surveillance process through which data are acquired. We present a Bayesian inference methodology that quantifies these uncertainties, for epidemics that are modelled by (possibly) non-stationary, continuous-time, Markov population processes. The efficiency of the method derives from a functional central limit theorem approximation of the likelihood, valid for large populations. We demonstrate the methodology by analysing the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, based on age-structured data for the number of deaths. This includes maximum a posteriori estimates, Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior, computation of the model evidence, and the determination of parameter sensitivities via the Fisher information matrix. Our methodology is implemented in PyRoss, an open-source platform for analysis of epidemiological compartment models
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